As a matter of fact, hrHPV-DNA testing has a better sensitivity for clinically relevant cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse, CIN2+) than cytology. More recently, evidence has accumulated which implies that a significant improvement of the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening can be achieved by using hrHPV-DNA testing as a primary screening tool. This led initially to the adoption of molecular tests evaluating hrHPV-DNA presence for the triage of minimally abnormal Pap smears. Persistent infection with high-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus (hrHPV) has been recognised as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. However, cervical cytology demonstrated a less than optimal sensitivity, and advances in the knowledge of the natural history of the disease have more recently suggested alternative approaches. To reduce morbidity and mortality caused by cervical cancer, in the past 40 years, most developed countries have introduced cervical screening programmes based on cytological examination of cervical smears (Pap test).
#E6 E7 VIRAL MESSENGER RNA LICENSE#
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Keywords: human papillomavirus, HPV, E6, E7, mRNA, cervical cancer, HPV-DNAĬopyright: © the authors licensee ecancermedicalscience. This review aims to summarise the literature data on this topic and to provide a clear view of the emerging perspectives. In view of the fact that progression to cancer is dependable of the E6/E7 proteins integration and transforming action, the overexpression of E6/E7 transcripts has been seen as a valuable marker of this risk. Thus, recent research has moved the attention towards novel markers of progression that could more precisely detect cases at real risk of cancer development. Despite this, some limitations of these new technologies have also been underlined: the major issue is the low specificity of the tests, which cannot discriminate between regressive and progressive infections. Since the introduction of biomolecular testing for the identification of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA (hrHPV-DNA) in cervical cancer preventive strategies, many interesting aspects have emerged in this field firstly, HPV-DNA testing has been demonstrated to have better sensitivity than conventional cytology in several settings: screening, triage of ASC-US and in follow-up after treatment.
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